Battery Cells and Stacks

Consumer electronics, automotive, stationary and industrial applications require highly efficient energy storage solutions. Battery cell manufacturers have to ensure excellent quality while addressing high troughput specifications and finally maximizing the uptime of the equipment. Coating processes have to monitored, especially for manufacturing of:

Current collectors
Electrodes
Anodes
Cathodes
Separators
Electrolytes

Testing

Sheet resistance
Conductivity
Functionalization
Thickness
Homogeneity
Area weight
Drying status
Areal capacity
Porosity

Applications

Deposition process control
Drying process control
Calandering process control
Welding process control
Quality control

Substrates

Metal foil (Cu, Al)
Plastic foil (BOPP)
Wafer
Mesh
Non-woven
Ceramics

Processes

S2S
R2R
Wafer level

Environment

In-situ and ex-situ
In-vacuo and ex-vacuo
Inline and offline
Wet and dry

Cathode Materials

NMC (NCM) – Lithium Nickel Cobalt Manganese Oxide (LiNiCoMnO2)
LFP – Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4/C)
NCA – Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminium Oxide (LiNiCoAlO2)
LMO – Lithium Manganese Oxide (LiMn2O4)
LNMO – Lithium Nickel Manganese Spinel (LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4)
LCO – Lithium Cobalt Oxide (LiCoO2)

Anode Materials

Graphite
Amorphous carbon
Activated carbon
Carbon black
Conductive additives
Graphene

Use Case Electrodes

Drying Status

Areal Capacity

Drying status over time as well as areal capacities of electrode ink or pastes deposited on substrates were derived by complex eddy current impedance.

For characterization of deposition, drying, calandering and welding processes in battery cell and module manufacturing, either for development or high-volume manufacturing, SURAGUS refers to the following solutions: